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Pre-existing visual responses in a projection-defined dopamine population explain individual learning trajectories.
Curr Biol
November 2024
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Learning new tasks can be difficult due to high dimensionality in the environment, with many sensory features and actions but few relevant rewards.
- Researchers investigated why some individuals learn tasks faster than others by studying dopamine (DA) responses in mice during a visual decision-making task.
- Pre-existing DA responses in specific brain regions correlated with learning outcomes and influenced performance, suggesting that individual differences in dopamine function affect how quickly one can learn new tasks.
Role of α6-Nicotinic Receptors in Alcohol-Induced GABAergic Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity to Cholinergic Interneurons in the Nucleus Accumbens.
Mol Neurobiol
June 2023
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, 1050 KMBL, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
The prevailing view is that enhancement of dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic system, consisting of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), underlies the reward properties of ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine (NIC). We have shown previously that EtOH and NIC modulation of DA release in the NAc is mediated by α6-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α6*-nAChRs), that α6*-nAChRs mediate low-dose EtOH effects on VTA GABA neurons and EtOH preference, and that α6*-nAChRs may be a molecular target for low-dose EtOH. However, the most sensitive target for reward-relevant EtOH modulation of mesolimbic DA transmission and the involvement of α6*-nAChRs in the mesolimbic DA reward system remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircadian transcription factor NPAS2 and the NAD -dependent deacetylase SIRT1 interact in the mouse nucleus accumbens and regulate reward.
Eur J Neurosci
February 2022
Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Substance use disorders are associated with disruptions to both circadian rhythms and cellular metabolic state. At the molecular level, the circadian molecular clock and cellular metabolic state may be interconnected through interactions with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD )-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region important for reward, both SIRT1 and the circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) are highly enriched, and both are regulated by the metabolic cofactor NAD .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of the Neuropeptide S System in Emotionality, Stress Responsiveness and Addiction-Like Behaviours in Rodents: Relevance to Stress-Related Disorders.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
August 2021
Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49 076 Osnabrück, Germany.
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR1) have been extensively studied over the last two decades for their roles in locomotion, arousal/wakefulness and anxiety-related and fear-related behaviours in rodents. However, the possible implications of the NPS/NPSR1 system, especially those of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324981, in stress-related disorders and substance abuse in humans remain unclear. This is possibly due to the fact that preclinical and clinical research studies have remained separated, and a comprehensive description of the role of the NPS/NPSR1 system in stress-relevant and reward-relevant endpoints in humans and rodents is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Implications for Reward Processing and Motivational Deficits.
Front Psychiatry
February 2020
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are debilitating and chronic in nature, are difficult to treat, and contribute to poor functional outcomes. Motivational deficits are a core negative symptom and may involve alterations in reward processing, which involve subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia. More specifically, dopamine-rich regions like the ventral striatum, have been implicated in these reward-processing deficits.
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