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Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and tuberculosis and predictions by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.
Front Reprod Health
December 2024
Cell Biology Research Platform, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Objective: To assess sex, age, regional differences, and the changing trend in human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV-TB) in different regions from 1990 to 2021, and project future trends.
Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data were analyzed to assess HIV-TB incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates from 1990 to 2021, including different types of TB co-infections (drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant). Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to forecast age-standardized DALY rates through 2035.
HIV, malnutrition, and noncommunicable disease epidemics among tuberculosis-affected households in east and southern Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the ERASE-TB cohort.
PLoS Med
September 2024
Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Background: As a result of shared social and structural risk factors, people in households affected by tuberculosis may have an increased risk of chronic conditions; at the same time, tuberculosis screening may be an opportunity for interventions. We sought to describe the prevalence of HIV, nutritional disorders, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among members of tuberculosis-affected households in 3 African countries.
Methods And Findings: A part of a multicountry cohort study, we screened for tuberculosis, HIV, nutritional disorders (underweight, anaemia, overweight/obesity), and NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and chronic lung disease) among members of tuberculosis-affected households aged ≥10 years in Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.
Epidemiological features and temporal trends of the co-infection between HIV and tuberculosis, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Infect Dis Poverty
August 2024
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Article Synopsis
- * Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the research analyzed trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for various forms of HIV-related TB from 1990 to 2021.
- * In 2021, the rates showed that HIV-DS-TB had the highest incidence and mortality rates compared to HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB, with significant increases in the incidence and mortality of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant forms over the study
Article Synopsis
- Chronic immune activation in HIV/TB co-infection increases the risk of TB reactivation, highlighting the need for therapies that target immune responses.
- The IDO inhibitor D-1 methyl tryptophan (D1MT) shows promise in improving immune function in the lungs and enhancing TB control without affecting HIV treatment.
- Further trials are recommended to investigate the effectiveness of IDO inhibition as a host-directed therapy in individuals co-infected with M. tuberculosis and HIV while on antiretroviral therapy.
A critical analysis of the decreasing trends in tuberculosis cure indicators in Brazil, 2001-2022.
J Bras Pneumol
May 2024
. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá (PR) Brasil.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines tuberculosis cure rates in Brazil from 2001 to 2022, revealing that most regions show a significant decline in these rates, particularly towards the end of the analyzed period.
- The research utilized regression models to analyze data on pulmonary tuberculosis, those with tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, and individuals undergoing retreatment, finding an average annual decrease in cure rates across all groups.
- The results highlight a troubling trend that contradicts existing public health policies, indicating an urgent need for improved patient follow-up and treatment strategies to address these declining cure rates.
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