Severity: Warning
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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
Line Number: 71
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Function: require_once
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 8919
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 8919
Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 255
Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 259
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 260
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
Bacillus anthracis is surrounded by a capsular polypeptide composed of poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (PGA). This antiphagocytic capsule is an essential virulence factor and is shed into body fluids during a murine model of pulmonary anthrax. Our previous studies of a murine model for antigen clearance showed that purified PGA accumulates in the liver and spleen, most notably in splenic macrophages and the Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver. Although the tissue and cellular depots have been identified, there is little known about the uptake and intracellular fate of PGA. As a consequence, we examined the cellular uptake and organelle localization of PGA in the murine macrophage-like cell line J774.2. We found that PGA binds to and is internalized by J774.2 cells and accumulates in CD71 transferrin receptor-positive endosomes. The receptor-mediated endocytosis inhibitors amantadine and phenylarsine oxide inhibited the binding and uptake of PGA in these cells. Cytochalasin D and vinblastine, actin and microtubule inhibitors, respectively, failed to completely inhibit binding and uptake. Finally, we found that PGA is degraded in J774.2 cells starting 4 h after uptake, with continued degradation occurring for at least 24 h. This degradation of PGA may explain the rapid clearance of PGA that is observed in vivo compared to the slow clearance noted with capsular polysaccharides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01009-08 | DOI Listing |
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
December 2024
Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, People's Republic of China.
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by high morbidity and a tendency for recurrence. Although biologic therapy for lesion clearance can achieve PASI 90/100, refractory sites remain challenging to completely clear, particularly on the lower legs and elbows. To explore the efficacy of novel treatments for these resistant sites, we present a clinical observation on the safety and effectiveness of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy combined with secukinumab for four patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Parkinsons Dis
December 2024
Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
In a recent Viewpoint article (. 2024;81:789‒90), Okubadejo et al. raised concerns regarding two recent proposals for biological definitions and staging systems for synucleinopathies (the Neuronal Synuclein Disease Integrated Staging System and SynNeurGe system).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Dermatol Res
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Several studies have looked into the effectiveness of bleomycin treatment for warts using various injection methods, such as intralesional injection, multiple puncture technique, jet injection, and moonlet needle prick method, in various concentrations and doses. However, injection methods have been linked to acute pain and bleeding. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of microneedling combination with topical bleomycin and cryotherapy in the treatment of resistant warts on the hands and feet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address:
In response to the increasingly severe issue of plastic waste, biodegradable plastics have garnered extensive attention as a potential alternative to traditional plastics. Among these materials, biodegradable plastics hold a dominant position. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental risks of five commercially available biodegradable plastics: polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene carbonate) (PBC), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomater Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
Instant adhesion to wet biological surfaces and reduced swelling of tissue adhesives are crucial for rapid wound closure and hemostasis. However, previous strategies to reduce swelling were always accompanied by a decrease in the tissue bonding strength of the adhesive. Moreover, the irreducibility of the covalent bonds in currently reported adhesives results in the adhesives losing their tissue adhesive ability.
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