Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphisms modify the association between paroxetine serotonin transporter occupancy and clinical response in major depressive disorder.

Background: In major depressive disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors target the serotonin transporter (SERT). Their response rates (30-50%) are modified by SERT promotor polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR).

Objectives: To quantify the relationship between SERT occupancy and response, and whether 5-HTTLPR is a modifier.

Methods: Drug-free depressed outpatients (n=49; both sexes; aged 25-55 years), received paroxetine (20 mg/day). We quantified SERT occupancy with iodine-123-labeled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane single-photon emission computed tomography imaging at baseline and after 6 weeks; we genotyped 5-HTTLPR (S, L(G), L(A)).

Primary Outcomes: percentage decrease in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and response (> or =50% decrease of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale).

Results: A significant positive relationship between SERT occupancy and clinical response existed only in the L(A)/L(A) genotype (P<0.002). Relative to paroxetine serum concentrations maximal midbrain SERT occupancy was numerically higher for L(A)/L(A) compared with other genotypes, but this difference was nonsignificant (P=0.188).

Conclusion: Higher SERT occupancy is only associated with more clinical improvement in the L(A)/L(A) genotype. We hypothesize that the L(A)/L(A) carriers have a more dynamic serotonergic system, which seems more responsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. (ISRCTN Trial Register ISRCTN44111488; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=193).