The organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome into insulated macrodomains influences the segregation of sister chromatids and the mobility of chromosomal DNA. Here, we report that organization of the Terminus region (Ter) into a macrodomain relies on the presence of a 13 bp motif called matS repeated 23 times in the 800-kb-long domain. matS sites are the main targets in the E. coli chromosome of a newly identified protein designated MatP. MatP accumulates in the cell as a discrete focus that colocalizes with the Ter macrodomain. The effects of MatP inactivation reveal its role as main organizer of the Ter macrodomain: in the absence of MatP, DNA is less compacted, the mobility of markers is increased, and segregation of Ter macrodomain occurs early in the cell cycle. Our results indicate that a specific organizational system is required in the Terminus region for bacterial chromosome management during the cell cycle.
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An increasing number of proteins involved in bacterial cell cycle events have been recently shown to undergo phase separation. The resulting biomolecular condensates play an important role in cell cycle protein function and may be involved in development of persister cells tolerant to antibiotics. Here we report that the chromosomal Ter macrodomain organizer MatP, a division site selection protein implicated in the coordination of chromosome segregation with cell division, forms biomolecular condensates in cytomimetic systems.
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