Four different colony morphologies were produced by Flavobacterium columnare strains on Shieh agar plate cultures: rhizoid and flat (type 1), non-rhizoid and hard (type 2), round and soft (type 3), and irregularly shaped and soft (type 4). Colonies produced on AO agar differed from these to some extent. The colony types formed on Shieh agar were studied according to molecular characteristics [Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA), and whole cell protein SDS-PAGE profiles], virulence on rainbow trout fingerlings, and adhesion on polystyrene and fish gills. There were no molecular differences between colony types within one strain. Type 2 was the most adherent on polystyrene, but type 1 was the most virulent. Adhesion of F. columnare strains used in this study was not connected to virulence. From fish infected with colony type 1, three colony types (types 1, 2 and 4) were isolated. Contrary to previous studies, our results suggest that strong adhesion capacity may not be the main virulence factor of F. columnare. Colony morphology change might be caused by phase variation, and different colony types isolated from infected fish may indicate different roles of the colony morphologies in the infection process of columnaris disease.
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