Isolated premature thelarche is a common disorder characterized by breast development, usually younger than 2 years, with no other signs of puberty. Although it is usually associated with adrenal or ovarian disorders, hypothyroidism, and use of exogenous hormones or drugs, it may also be associated with long-term use of herbal medicine. Thus, long-term use of preparations such as Foeniculum vulgare, which is used to eliminate gas and regulate intestinal function in children, may cause premature thelarche, and thus, the use of such preparations should be limited.
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Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture significantly enhances crop yields and pest control. However, it also raises concerns regarding environmental and human health impacts. Children are particularly vulnerable to health effects of pesticide exposure, especially for neurological development and reproductive health.
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December 2024
Department of Endocrine Genetics and Metabolism, National Children's Regional Medical Center/Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China.
Objectives: To establish an efficient and clinically applicable predictive model and scoring system for central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls, and to develop a diagnostic prediction application.
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Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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