In contrast to the earlier statement of one of the authors according to which conductimetric titration was invented by Küster and Grüters in 1903, it is shown that Ostwald made use of this analytical method as early as the nineties of the past century. Prior to Ostwald's work, however, papers appeared in which conductimetric curves were shown, with statements about their different characteristics in the case of reaction between weak and strong acids and bases. The first of these seems to be due to Kohlrausch [together with one of his co-workers, Kreichgauer (1885)]. It does not seem to have occurred to them, however, to use this phenomenon for the purposes of analytical chemistry, namely for titrimetry.
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Molecules
November 2024
Institute of Chemical and Biochemical Research G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a neutral water-soluble galactoxyloglucan isolated from the seed kernel of with average molecular weight (Mw) 600-800 kDa. The high viscosity of TSP slows solubilisation, and the absence of charged substituent hinders the formation of electrostatic interactions with biomolecules. TSP was sulphated in a one-step process using dimethylformamide as a solvent, and sulphur trioxide-pyridine complex as a sulphating reagent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
October 2023
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur. Monterrey N.L., Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
To prevent neural tube defects and other cardiovascular diseases in newborns, folic acid (FA) is recommended in pregnant women. A daily dose of 600 µg FA consumption is widely prescribed for women during pregnancy and 400 µg for women with childbearing potential. FA is a class IV compound according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) due to its low permeability (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
August 2021
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
Poly-N-Vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) is a thermoresponsive polymer that exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 25 and 50 °C. Due to its alleged biocompatibility, this polymer is becoming popular for biomedical and environmental applications. PNVCL with carboxyl terminations has been widely used for the preparation of thermoresponsive copolymers, micro- and nanogels for drug delivery and oncological therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
May 2021
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005, Paris, France. and Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France.
Topochemical reactions involving ionic exchange have been used to assess a large number of metastable compositions, particularly in layered metal oxides. This method encompasses complex reactions that are poorly explored, yet are of prime importance to understand and control the materials' properties. In this work, we embark on investigating the reactions involved during the ionic exchange between a layered Na-titanate (lepidocrocite-type structure) and an acidic solution (HCl), leading to a protonic (H3O+) titanate (trititanate structure).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
February 2020
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75000, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Chemical modifications of cellulose fibers as pretreatment for cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) production have been investigated to improve the production process and the quality of obtained cellulosic nanomaterial. In this study, phosphorylation of cellulose fibers was done in anticipation of a future nanofibrillation. Different phosphate salts, namely NHHPO, (NH)HPO, NaHPO, NaHPO and LiHPO with different constants of solubility (Ks) were used to increase the efficiency of the modification.
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