The cause of testicular ectopia has long been a mystery, and over the years, many hypotheses have been suggested to explain the condition. The most famous of these hypotheses is that of the 'Tails of Lockwood'. This developed from a paper written in 1888 by Charles Barrett Lockwood. Although little evidence has ever been found to corroborate this hypothesis, it remains in many textbooks and journal articles to the present day. In the 21st century, this theory should no longer be given as the cause for ectopic testes. Current biological evidence supports a complex process of growth, by elongation and migration of the gubernaculum, rather than a simple mechanical process of testicular descent, as proposed in the 18th century.
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Nasal bots carry relevant titers of CWD prions in naturally infected white-tailed deer.
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Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting farmed and free-ranging cervids. CWD is rapidly expanding across North America and its mechanisms of transmission are not completely understood. Considering that cervids are commonly afflicted by nasal bot flies, we tested the potential of these parasites to transmit CWD.
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Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting cervids. CWD diagnosis is conducted through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Unfortunately, these techniques have limited sensitivity against the biomarker (CWD-prions).
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mSphere
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Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions cause fatal neuropathies in farmed and free-ranging cervids. The deposition of prions in natural and humanmade environmental components has been implicated as a major mechanism mediating CWD spread in wild and captive populations. Prions can be deposited in the environment through excreta, tissues, and carcasses from pre-clinical and clinical animals.
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