Little is known about the functional development of dorsal and ventral visual streams. The right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) represents a pivotal point of the two streams and is involved in the perception of biological motion. Here, we compared brain activity between children (aged 5-7 years) and adults (aged 20-32 years) while they were viewing point-light dot animations of biological motion. Biological motion-related activation was found in right pSTS of adults, and in right fusiform gyrus and left middle temporal lobe of children. Group comparisons revealed increased activity in pSTS for adults and in fusiform gyrus for children. Only poorly performing children showed fusiform gyrus activity. These findings indicate that pSTS functioning is not adult-like at the age of 6 years.
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Biomacromolecules
January 2025
College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, PR China.
Biomolecular motors are dynamic systems found in organisms with high energy conversion efficiency. FF-ATPase is a rotary biomolecular motor known for its near 100% energy conversion efficiency. It utilizes the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP to induce conformational changes in motor proteins, thereby converting chemical energy into mechanical motion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Life and Environmental Science College, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325003, China. Electronic address:
Methimazole (MMI) is an emerging endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) due to its increasing use in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism), but its potential impact on amphibian development remains largely unexplored. In the present study, the effects of 8 mg/L MMI and 1 μg/L thyroxine (T4) exposure on skeletal ossification and muscle development in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were comprehensively investigated by double skeletal staining, histological analysis and RNA sequencing. Our results indicated that MMI treatment down-regulated the expression levels of ossification-related genes (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
A spectacular diversity of forms and features allow species to thrive in different environments, yet some structures remain relatively unchanged. Insect compound eyes are easily recognizable despite dramatic differences in visual abilities across species. It is unknown whether distant insect species use similar or different mechanisms to pattern their eyes or what types of genetic changes produce diversity of form and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
Microscopic and nanoscopic motors, often referred to as micro-/nanomotors, are autonomous devices capable of converting chemical energy from their surroundings into mechanical motion or forces necessary for propulsion. These devices draw inspiration from natural biomolecular motor proteins, and in recent years, synthetic micro-/nanomotors have attracted significant attention. Among these, catalytic micro-/nanomotors have emerged as a prominent area of research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFF1000Res
January 2025
University of Antwerp, Pain in Motion, Antwerp, Antwerp Province, 2000, Belgium.
Introduction: Rotator cuff (RC) tears are the most common and disabling musculoskeletal ailments among patients with shoulder pain. Although most individuals show improvement in function and pain following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), a subgroup of patients continue to suffer from persistent shoulder pain following the surgical procedure. Identifying these factors is important in planning preoperative management to improve patient outcomes.
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