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Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Vary in Their Behavior and Virulence in Response to Cardiac Glycosides Within and Around Insect Hosts.
J Chem Ecol
January 2025
Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Plants produce defensive toxins to deter herbivores. In response, some specialized herbivores evolved resistance and even the capacity to sequester toxins, affecting interactions at higher trophic levels. Here, we test the hypothesis that potential natural enemies of specialized herbivores are differentially affected by plant toxins depending on their level of adaptation to the plant-herbivore system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMassive subcutaneous filariosis by in beech marten () in Italy.
Parasite Epidemiol Control
February 2025
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production Department, Naples University, 8 Via Mezzocannone, 80138 Naples, Italy.
The beech marten () is a small-size mustelid endangered according to the IUCN Red List. Despite the plethora of parasites potentially affecting its population decline, subcutaneous filarioids are occasionally reported in martens and their competent arthropod vectors are to date unknown. Therefore, from January 2023 to August 2024, this study investigated the presence of subcutaneous filarioids and ectoparasites of road-killed beech martens ( = 7) from southwestern Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA single entomopathogenic nematode infection assay for larvae.
MethodsX
June 2025
Infection and Innate Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema hermaphroditum can efficiently infect the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The EPN infective juvenile (IJ) stage is the free-living and non-feeding stage that seeks out suitable insects to infect. While previous studies have described successful infection of melanogaster larvae with a standard amount of 100 IJs, the pathogenicity of a single IJ nematode towards insects remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbark extract reduces the impact of infection on C57BL/6 but not on BALB/c mice ().
Parasitology
January 2025
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK.
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) may improve gastrointestinal health by exerting immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and/or antiparasitic effects. Bark extracts from coniferous tree species have previously been shown to reduce the burden of a range of parasite species in the gastrointestinal tract, with condensed tannins as the potential active compounds. In the present study, the impact of an acetone extract of pine bark () on the resistance, performance and tolerance of genetically diverse mice () was assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe developmental lipidome of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
Parasit Vectors
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Background: Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-a nematode of rodents-is commonly used as a model to study the immunobiology of parasitic nematodes. It is a member of the Strongylida-a large order of socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes of animals. Lipids are known to play essential roles in nematode biology, influencing cellular membranes, energy storage and/or signalling.
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