The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm in low-dose and full-dose multidetector-row CT (MDCT) of the thorax and its impact on radiologists' performance. Chest CT examinations of 77 patients were evaluated retrospectively for pulmonary nodules. All patients had undergone a 16-slice MDCT chest examination with a standard acquisition protocol. Artificial image noise was added to the raw data to simulate image acquisition at 10 mAs(eff.) The data were transferred to dedicated lung analysis software (LungCare) with a prototype CAD algorithm (LungCAD). CAD was applied to both dose settings. Images were read by a radiologist and a first-year resident with and without the software at both dose settings. All images were reviewed in consensus by the two radiologists to set the reference standard. Sensitivity results with respect to the reference standard were compared. No statistically significant differences in the detection rate for all pulmonary nodules could be found between low-dose and full-dose settings for the CAD software alone (p = 0.0065). Both radiologists displayed a statistically significant increase in sensitivity with the use of CAD (p<0.0001). In conclusion, CAD is beneficial in both low-dose and standard-dose settings. This may be beneficial in reducing false-negative diagnosis in lung cancer screening, standard chest examinations and the search for metastases.
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