We compute the potential energy surface of femtosecond-laser-excited InSb along the directions in which the crystal becomes soft. Using dynamical simulations the time dependence of the atomic coordinates is obtained. We find that at high excitation densities the anharmonicity of the potential energy surface becomes significant after approximately 100 fs. On the basis of our results we explain recent time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. We point out that an alternative model for ultrafast melting [A. M. Lindenberg, Science 308, 392 (2005)] is inconsistent with our calculations.
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