We report on measurements of the excitation spectrum of a strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. A magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to tune atom-atom interactions in the condensate and to reach a regime where quantum depletion and beyond mean-field corrections to the condensate chemical potential are significant. We use two-photon Bragg spectroscopy to probe the condensate excitation spectrum; our results demonstrate the onset of beyond mean-field effects in a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135301 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal and INESC TEC, Centre of Applied Photonics, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Easily accessible through tabletop experiments, paraxial fluids of light are emerging as promising platforms for the simulation and exploration of quantumlike phenomena. In particular, the analogy builds on a formal equivalence between the governing model for a Bose-Einstein condensate under the mean-field approximation and the model of laser propagation inside nonlinear optical media under the paraxial approximation. Yet, the fact that the role of time is played by the propagation distance in the analog system imposes strong bounds on the range of accessible phenomena due to the limited length of the nonlinear medium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
Ordered media often support vortex structures with intriguing topological properties. Here, we investigate non-Abelian vortices in tetrahedral order using the mathematical formalism of colored links. Due to the generality of our methods, the results apply to all physical systems governed by tetrahedral order, such as the cyclic phase of spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates and the tetrahedratic phase of bent-core nematic liquid crystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
December 2024
School of Engineering, ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
The tightly bound excitons and strong dipole-dipole interactions in two-dimensional molecular crystals enable rich physics. Among them, superradiance (SR), the spontaneous coherent emission from bright excitons, has sparked considerable interest in quantum-information applications. In addition, optically forbidden states (dark exciton states) have potential to both achieve Bose-Einstein condensation and modulate exciton dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
June 2024
Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Polariton thermalization is a key process in achieving light-matter Bose-Einstein condensation, spanning from solid-state semiconductor microcavities at cryogenic temperatures to surface plasmon nanocavities with molecules at room temperature. Originated from the matter component of polariton states, the microscopic mechanisms of thermalization are closely tied to specific material properties. In this work, we investigate polariton thermalization in strongly-coupled molecular systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
November 2024
Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
We investigate the properties of the photon Bose-Einstein condensate in the limit of small mode spacing. Alongside the well-known threshold of the phase transition at large mode spacings, we find an emergence of a second threshold for sufficiently small mode spacings, defining the crossover to a fully condensed state. Furthermore, we present our findings for the mode occupations in the precondensate or supercooling region towards the continuum limit.
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