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Methylnaltrexone's Effect on Cholestasis in Trauma Patients.
Cureus
September 2024
Pharmacy, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA.
Introduction Cholestasis in hospitalized patients receiving opiates has the potential to have devastating outcomes including acalculous cholecystitis, sepsis, or even death. In this study, we evaluate the outcomes of trauma patients treated with methylnaltrexone. Methods We conducted the study at Desert Regional Medical Center, a level 1 trauma center in Palm Springs, California.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerging therapies for opioid-induced constipation: what can we expect?
Expert Opin Pharmacother
September 2024
Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: The rise in opioid use for managing chronic and oncologic pain has led to a significant increase in opioid-induced constipation (OIC) that impacts patient quality of life and pain management.
Areas Covered: In this study, emerging therapies for OIC were criticized for refining advancements and novel treatment options. Key topics included the efficacy of peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) such as methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and naldemedine, which specifically target opioid-induced gut dysfunction.
No Effect of Methylnaltrexone on Acute Pancreatitis Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
Am J Gastroenterol
November 2024
Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Introduction: Opioids used to manage severe pain in acute pancreatitis (AP) might exacerbate the disease through effects on gastrointestinal and immune functions. Methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, may counteract these effects without changing analgesia.
Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included adult patients with AP and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 4 Danish centers.
Opioids and the Gastrointestinal Tract: The Role of Peripherally Active µ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Modulating Intestinal Permeability.
Am J Gastroenterol
October 2024
Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Opioid receptors are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the large intestine. Many patients treated with opioids experience opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Laxatives are not effective in most patients, and in those who do initially respond, the efficacy of laxatives generally diminishes over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Outcomes of Intravenous Methylnaltrexone in Children: A Single-Arm Retrospective Cohort Study.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther
June 2024
Department of Pharmacy (MR, KG, ML), Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Objectives: Constipation is a common adverse event of opioid use that is often difficult to treat. Methylnaltrexone is a therapeutic option for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) approved for oral and subcutaneous use in adults. These administration routes are not always feasible in the pediatric population.
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