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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00007.x | DOI Listing |
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Placebo and the law of identification.
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
Thousands of essays and studies have been published on placebo and nocebo. Yet, despite this plethora of information, we are not much closer to a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanism producing placebo and nocebo effects than we were in 1946, when participants in the Cornell Conferences on Therapy speculated on the roles of authority, belief and expectancy. In this paper, we examine the weaknesses in current placebo and nocebo definitions and theories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors associated with placebo response rate in randomized controlled trials of antiseizure medications for focal epilepsy.
Epilepsia
December 2024
Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatments for epilepsy. However, there have been concerning increases in the placebo responder rate over time. To understand these trends, we evaluated features associated with increased placebo responder rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrait responsiveness to verbal suggestions predicts nocebo responding: A meta-analysis.
Br J Health Psychol
February 2025
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Background: Nocebo responding involves the experience of adverse health outcomes in response to contextual cues. These deleterious responses impact numerous features of mental and physical health but are characterized by pronounced heterogeneity. Suggestion is widely recognized as a contributing factor to nocebo responding but the moderating role of trait responsiveness to verbal suggestions (suggestibility) in nocebo responding remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of pain expectancy and its confidence in placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia.
Pain
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia, which exemplify the impact of expectations on pain, have recently been conceptualised as Bayesian inferential processes, yet empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we explore whether these phenomena can be unified within the same Bayesian framework by testing the predictive role of expectations and their level of precision (ie, expectation confidence) on pain, with both predictors measured at the metacognitive level. Sixty healthy volunteers underwent a pain test (ie, 8 noxious electrical stimuli) before (Baseline) and after (T0, T1, T2) receiving a sham treatment associated with hypoalgesic (placebo), hyperalgesic (nocebo), or neutral (control) verbal suggestions, depending on group allocation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA mechanistic understanding of human magnetoreception validates the phenomenon of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS).
Int J Radiat Biol
December 2024
Independent Scientist, Brambling, Beeswing, Dumfries, Scotland, UK.
Background: Human electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) or electrosensitivity (ES) symptoms in response to anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at levels below current international safety standards are generally considered to be nocebo effects by conventional medical science. In the wider field of magnetoreception in biology, our understanding of mechanisms and processes of magnetic field (MF) interactions is more advanced.
Methods: We consulted a range of publication databases to identify the key advances in understanding of magnetoreception across the wide animal kingdom of life.
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