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Racial Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass: Impact of Left Atrial Volume.
Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep
December 2023
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hartford HealthCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Hartford, Connecticut.
Background: Prior studies have demonstrated a lower prevalence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American patients compared with White cohorts after coronary artery bypass grafting. We hypothesized that preoperative differences in left atrial size may explain this disparity.
Methods: We assessed the incidence of new POAF in 1218 patients (215 minority patients and 1003 White patients) undergoing isolated, first-time coronary artery bypass grafting from January 2017 through September 2022.
A novel nomogram based on the patient's clinical data and CT signs to predict poor outcomes in AIS patients.
PeerJ
January 2025
Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Background: The 2019 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines strongly advise using non-contrast CT (NCCT) of the head as a mandatory test for all patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to CT's advantages of affordability and speed of imaging. Therefore, our objective was to combine patient clinical data with head CT signs to create a nomogram to predict poor outcomes in AIS patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 161 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy at the Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine from January 2019 to June 2023.
Simulated retail food environments: A literature review of systems science approaches to advance equity in access to healthy diets.
Obes Rev
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
As researchers increasingly utilize systems science simulation modeling (SSSM), little is known about how and by whom SSSMs are being leveraged to address inequities in access to healthy diets. We evaluated the extent to which studies (n = 66) employing SSSM to examine retail food environments (RFEs): included three pillars of equity (social position, human capital, socioeconomic and political context) that shape RFEs and access to healthy diets; grounded model design and development in theory; engaged with diverse stakeholders and lived experiences related to RFEs; and translated model findings towards addressing inequities in RFEs. Most studies (n = 58) included some model characteristics related to social position (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIRE1α-XBP1 safeguards hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by restricting pro-leukemogenic gene programs.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hematopoietic stem cells must mitigate myriad stressors throughout their lifetime to ensure normal blood cell generation. Here, we uncover unfolded protein response stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a safeguard against myeloid leukemogenesis. Activated in part by an NADPH oxidase-2 mechanism, IRE1α-induced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mediated repression of pro-leukemogenic programs exemplified by the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of shared decision making strategies for stroke prevention among patients with atrial fibrillation: cluster randomized controlled trial.
BMJ
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City VA Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple decision aid strategies in promoting high quality shared decision making for prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Six academic medical centers in the United States.
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