Reactive nitrogen species derived from NO have been implicated in cancer and other diseases, but their intracellular concentrations are largely unknown. To estimate them under steady-state conditions representative of inflamed tissues, a kinetic model was developed that included the effects of cellular antioxidants, amino acids, proteins, and lipids. For an NO concentration of 1 microM, total peroxynitrite (Per, the sum of ONOO(-) and ONOOH), NO(2)(*), and N(2)O(3) were calculated to have concentrations in the nanomolar, picomolar, and femtomolar ranges, respectively. The concentrations of NO(2)(*) and N(2)O(3) were predicted to decrease markedly with increases in glutathione (GSH) levels, due to the scavenging of each by GSH. Although lipids accelerate the oxidation of NO by O(2) (because of the high solubility of each in hydrophobic media), lipid-phase reactions were calculated to have little effect on NO(2)(*) or N(2)O(3) concentrations. The major sources of intracellular NO(2)(*) were found to be the reaction of Per with metals and with CO(2), whereas the major sinks were its reactions with GSH and ascorbate (AH(-)). The radical-scavenging ability of GSH and AH(-) caused 3-nitrotyrosine to be the only tyrosine derivative predicted to be formed at a significant rate. The major GSH reaction product was S-nitrosoglutathione. Analytical (algebraic) expressions are provided for the concentrations of the key reactive intermediates, allowing the calculations to be extended readily.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx800213b | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
June 2024
College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio affect nitrous oxide (NO) emissions by influencing the physiological and ecological dynamics of nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities in activated sludge systems. For example, Nitrosomonas is a common NO producing nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and DO conditions can affect the NO production capacity. Previous studies have reported NO emission characteristics under adequate DO and C/N conditions in A/O WWTPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFree Radic Biol Med
January 2024
The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
March 2023
Department of Chemistry Univ. of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
The structures of ()-butan-2-yl -(4-nitro-phen-yl)thio-carbamate, CHNOS, (I), ()-butan-2-yl -(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)thio-carbamate, CHNOS, (II), ()-butan-2-yl -(4-fluoro-phen-yl)thio-carbamate, CHFNOS, (III), and ()-butan-2-yl -(4-chloro-phen-yl)thio-carbamate, CHClNOS, (IV), all at 100 K, have monoclinic (2) symmetry with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The Flack absolute structure parameters in all cases confirm the absence of inversion symmetry. The structures display N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, resulting in (8) hydrogen-bonded ring synthons connecting the two independent mol-ecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
February 2023
School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland.
The crystal structures of three -(pyridin-2-yl) benzo-thio-esters with varying -phenyl substituents are presented, namely, -(pyridin-2-yl) 4-nitro-benzo-thio-ate (, CHNOS), -(pyridin-2-yl) 4-methyl-benzo-thio-ate (, CHNOS) and -(pyridin-2-yl) 4-meth-oxy-benzo-thio-ate (, CHNOS). This class of compounds are used in the mono-acyl-ation of pyrrolic species to yield multifunctional tetra-pyrroles. The structures presented herein are the first of their compound class.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
February 2023
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.
There is a strong interest in finding highly soluble redox compounds to improve the energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, the performance of electrolytes is often negatively influenced by high solute concentration. Herein, we designed a high-potential (0.
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