Background: The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus; Scophthalmidae; Pleuronectiformes) is a flatfish species of great relevance for marine aquaculture in Europe. In contrast to other cultured flatfish, very few genomic resources are available in this species. Aeromonas salmonicida and Philasterides dicentrarchi are two pathogens that affect turbot culture causing serious economic losses to the turbot industry. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms for disease resistance and host-pathogen interactions in this species. In this work, thousands of ESTs for functional genomic studies and potential markers linked to ESTs for mapping (microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) are provided. This information enabled us to obtain a preliminary view of regulated genes in response to these pathogens and it constitutes the basis for subsequent and more accurate microarray analysis.
Results: A total of 12584 cDNAs partially sequenced from three different cDNA libraries of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) infected with Aeromonas salmonicida, Philasterides dicentrarchi and from healthy fish were analyzed. Three immune-relevant tissues (liver, spleen and head kidney) were sampled at several time points in the infection process for library construction. The sequences were processed into 9256 high-quality sequences, which constituted the source for the turbot EST database. Clustering and assembly of these sequences, revealed 3482 different putative transcripts, 1073 contigs and 2409 singletons. BLAST searches with public databases detected significant similarity (e-value < or = 1e-5) in 1766 (50.7%) sequences and 816 of them (23.4%) could be functionally annotated. Two hundred three of these genes (24.9%), encoding for defence/immune-related proteins, were mostly identified for the first time in turbot. Some ESTs showed significant differences in the number of transcripts when comparing the three libraries, suggesting regulation in response to these pathogens. A total of 191 microsatellites, with 104 having sufficient flanking sequences for primer design, and 1158 putative SNPs were identified from these EST resources in turbot.
Conclusion: A collection of 9256 high-quality ESTs was generated representing 3482 unique turbot sequences. A large proportion of defence/immune-related genes were identified, many of them regulated in response to specific pathogens. Putative microsatellites and SNPs were identified. These genome resources constitute the basis to develop a microarray for functional genomics studies and marker validation for genetic linkage and QTL analysis in turbot.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-4-37 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Weifang University of Science and Technology, Jinguang Road No. 1299, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.
Butyrate is one of the most abundant short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are important metabolites of dietary fiber by fermentation of gut commensals, and has been shown to be vital in maintaining host health. The present study mainly investigated how sodium butyrate (NaB) supplementation in the diet with high proportion of soybean meal (SBM) affected turbot. Four experimental diets were formulated: (1) fish meal (FM) based diet (control group), (2) SBM protein replacing 45% FM protein in the diet (high SBM group), (3) 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
Introduction: Furunculosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium subsp. , remains a significant threat to turbot () aquaculture. Identifying genetic backgrounds with enhanced disease resistance is critical for improving aquaculture health management, reducing antibiotic dependency, and mitigating economic losses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
Th2 immunity is a primary host defense against extracellular pathogens, and different IL4/13 paralogues are involved in this immune response in fish. Here, we identified IL4/13A for further Th2 immune response providing information in turbot. The results showed that the full length of the IL4/13A gene is 1,333 bp, containing a 432-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 144 amino acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
November 2024
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
To explore the molecular targets for regulating glucose metabolism in carnivorous fish, the turbot () was selected as the research object to study. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4), as a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in glucose metabolism in mammals. However, the mechanisms controlling glucose metabolism mediated by FXR in fish are not understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquac Nutr
September 2024
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of host-associated R32 and stachyose on the intestinal mucosal defense system of turbot (. L). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: control diet (C), control diet with 1.
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