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IgG-NR2B-A Potentially Valuable Biomarker in the Management of Refractory Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Trnava University and University Hospital, 917 02 Trnava, Slovakia.
The autoantibodies against the NR1 subunit are well known in the pathomechanism of NMDAR encephalitis. The dysfunction of the NR2 subunit could be a critical factor in this neurological disorder due to its important role in the postsynaptic pathways that direct synaptic plasticity. We report a case of paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis presented alongside very severe illness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrathecal Immunoglobulin A Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis: From Biological Aspects to Clinical Relevance.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Intrathecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) synthesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long earned little attention, despite a potential significance in disease pathogenesis and prognosis. The presence of IgA-positive plasma cells in MS lesions and along damaged axons suggests a role in disease pathogenesis. Available clinical evidence about a potential positive or negative prognostic role is scarce and inconclusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElevated Kappa Index in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG Oligoclonal Bands: Contribution of Intrathecal IgM and IgA Synthesis.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy.
The kappa index is a well-established marker of intrathecal synthesis (IS) of immunoglobulin (Ig). Routinely used for diagnostic aims, IgG IS, which can be assessed quantitatively (ad hoc formulas) or qualitatively (oligoclonal bands, OCBs), may fail in detecting a humoral immune response within the central nervous system (CNS). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the kappa index for its ability to detect the presence of CNS humoral immunity and to associate it with a distinct group of disorders, in the absence of IgG IS/OCBs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Vimentin IgG Autoantibodies.
JAMA Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Importance: Autoantibodies targeting astrocytes, such as those against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or aquaporin protein 4, are crucial diagnostic markers for autoimmune astrocytopathy among central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders. However, diagnosis remains challenging for patients lacking specific autoantibodies.
Objective: To characterize a syndrome of unknown meningoencephalomyelitis associated with an astrocytic autoantibody.
The clinical significance of mirror patterns of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands (IgG-OCBs) in peripheral neuropathy disorders.
Clin Chim Acta
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Background: CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands (IgG-OCBs) analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosis of various neurological disorders. However, the clinical significance of mirror pattern bands remains unclear, and their precise application is not well understood.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 7597 IgG-OCB records detected using isoelectric focusing from May 2020 and August 2023 at Huashan Hospital.
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