The role of personal factors makes it difficult to correlate subjective data, such as those obtained with the use of a visual analogue scale, and objective data, such as a quantity of injected histamine. In this study, prick tests with histamine and codeine on the forearms allowed a coherent variation in itch scores to be obtained over time, with highly significant differences from controls and with a peak at 4 minutes. These tests are therefore valuable for screening anti-pruritic agents. A significant difference between initial scores and scores for new prick tests after 7 days suggest that tachyphylaxis persists.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0482 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
August 2024
Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
The majority of somatosensory DRG neurons express GABAA receptors (GABAAR) and depolarise in response to its activation based on the high intracellular chloride concentration maintained by the Na-K-Cl cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1). The translation of this response to peripheral nerve terminals in people is so far unclear. We show here that GABA (EC50 = 16.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Assoc Physicians India
June 2023
Senior Vice President and Global Head, Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Background: Cough has a prevalence of 9.6% globally and 5-10% in India. Though it is a reflex action, it affects an individual's quality of life (QoL) when uncontrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Toxicol
February 2023
Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
Insights into the pathophysiology of many non-immune-mediated drug reactions referred to as toxicities, sensitivities, intolerances, or pseudoallergies have resulted from research identifying the mastocyte-related G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) member X2 (MRGPRX2), a human mast cell receptor mediating adverse reactions without the involvement of antibody priming. Opioid-induced degranulation of mast cells, particularly morphine, provoking release of histamine and other preformed mediators and causing hemodynamic and cutaneous changes seen as flushing, headache and wheal and flare reactions in the skin, is an example of results of MRGPRX2 activation. Opioids including morphine, codeine, dextromethorphan and metazocine as well as endogenous prodynorphin opioid peptides activate MRGPRX2 at concentrations causing mast cell degranulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Toxicol
August 2021
Molecular Immunology Unit, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2070, Australia.
Opioid-induced respiratory depression is potentially life-threatening and often regarded as the main hazard of opioid use. Main cause of death is cardiorespiratory arrest with hypoxia and hypercapnia. Respiratory depression is mediated by opioid μ receptors expressed on respiratory neurons in the CNS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacogenomics
April 2021
Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Oxycodone is a semisynthetic μ- and κ-opioid receptor with agonist with a broad scope of use including postoperative analgesia as well as control of neuropathic and cancer pain. Advantages over other opioids include prolonged duration of action, greater potency than morphine and lack of histamine release or ceiling effect. Individual responses to oxycodone can vary due to genetic differences.
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