Expansion of the genetic alphabet by an unnatural base pair system enables the site-specific incorporation of extra functional components into nucleic acids and proteins. In this system, PCR amplification of DNA templates containing unnatural base pairs is essential for modern biotechnology. We present a new unnatural base pair system, in which DNA duplexes containing the unnatural base pairs can be efficiently amplified by PCR. The system also provides a method for the site-specific incorporation of functional components into amplified DNA fragments by PCR, using unnatural base substrates linked with functional groups of interest.
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