By analyzing the current data available in the literature, the authors consider the pathogenesis and morbid anatomy of gastroesophageal reflux disease. They assess the role of the anatomic and physiological features of the esophagogastric transition in the development of reflux-esophagitis and its complications. The principles of morphological diagnosis are considered in the interpretation of esophageal biopsy in reflux-esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus.

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