The legal status of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum has been rapidly changing. Legal prohibitions on this plant native to Oaxaca, Mexico have emerged at the state level, a phenomenon that has not occurred since the passage of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Included will be a brief description of the plant that has only recently crept into the popular American consciousness, and a review of the different legal mechanisms through which states have controlled the plant and the pending legislation proposing controls. Lastly, the implications of various state laws are discussed.
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Emerging Psychotropic Drug for the Treatment of Trigeminal Pain: Salvinorin A.
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Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is chronic pain caused by damage to the somatosensorial system on the trigeminal nerve or its branches, which involves peripheral and central dysfunction pain pathways. Trigeminal pain triggers disruptive pain in regions of the face, including within and around the mouth. Besides clinical experiences, translating the language of suffering into scientific terminology presents substantial challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Total flavonoids of alleviate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice by suppressing hepatocyte ferroptosis activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway].
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
November 2024
Department of Medicine, Hubei Enshi College, Enshi 445000, China.
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of total flavonoids of extract against acetaminophen (APAP) -induced acute liver injury (ALI) and its molecular mechanism.
Methods: The main chemical constituents of total flavonoids of were obtained through literature search, and their pharmacological mechanisms were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. In a mouse model of APAP-induced ALI, the protective effects of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg total flavonoids of and 150 mg/kg bifidus were evaluated by observing changes in blood biochemistry and liver histopathology and detecting expressions of the key proteins in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Identification of clerodane diterpene modifying cytochrome P450 (CYP728D26) in Salvia divinorum - en route to psychotropic salvinorin A biosynthesis.
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant from Mexico with its main psychoactive compound, salvinorin A, acting as a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, unlike traditional opioids.
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- The study identified a new enzyme, CYP728D26, which helps in the oxygenation process related to salvinorin A synthesis, and highlights the need for cautious interpretation of enzyme activity results from laboratory studies.
A chromosome level reference genome of Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum) provides insight into salvinorin A biosynthesis.
BMC Plant Biol
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Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
Background: Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum; Lamiaceae) is the source of the powerful hallucinogen salvinorin A (SalA). This neoclerodane diterpenoid is an agonist of the human Κ-opioid receptor with potential medical applications in the treatment of chronic pain, addiction, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Only two steps of the approximately twelve step biosynthetic sequence leading to SalA have been resolved to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSalvinorin A ameliorates pilocarpine-induced seizures by regulating hippocampal microglia polarization.
J Ethnopharmacol
December 2024
Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Salvia divinorum, traditionally used in Latino cultures, contains Salvinorin A (Sal A), which shows potential as a treatment for epilepsy due to its kappa opioid receptor agonist properties.
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