This minireview presents a summary of information available on the variety and binding properties of extrinsic proteins that form the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (PSII) of cyanobacteria, red alga, diatom, green alga, euglena, and higher plants. In addition, the structure and function of extrinsic PsbO, PsbV, and PsbU proteins are summarized based on the crystal structure of thermophilic cyanobacterial PSII together with biochemical and genetic studies from various organisms.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-008-9343-9 | DOI Listing |
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Meiosis and retinoic acid in the mouse fetal gonads: An unforeseen twist.
Curr Top Dev Biol
January 2025
Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France. Electronic address:
In mammals, differentiation of germ cells is crucial for sexual reproduction, involving complex signaling pathways and environmental cues defined by the somatic cells of the gonads. This review examines the long-standing model positing that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) acts as a meiosis-inducing substance (MIS) in the fetal ovary by inducing expression of STRA8 in female germ cells, while CYP26B1 serves as a meiosis-preventing substance (MPS) in the fetal testis by degrading ATRA and preventing STRA8 expression in the male germ cells until postnatal development. Recent genetic studies in the mouse challenge this paradigm, revealing that meiosis initiation in female germ cells can occur independently of ATRA signaling, with key roles played by other intrinsic factors like DAZL and DMRT1, and extrinsic signals such as BMPs and vitamin C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStarch retrogradation in starch-based foods: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and mitigation strategies.
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Institute of Spice and Beverage Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China; Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan 571533, China; Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Sanya 572019, China. Electronic address:
Starch-based foods are the most common foods in the daily diets. However, starch-based foods are prone to starch retrogradation, resulting in texture hardening, taste deterioration and nutrient loss. This paper reviewed the mechanisms and the influencing factors of starch retrogradation in starch-based foods, and the strategies to mitigate it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircadian influences on sudden cardiac death and cardiac electrophysiology.
J Mol Cell Cardiol
January 2025
Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address:
Cardiologists have analyzed daily patterns in the incidence of sudden cardiac death to identify environmental, behavioral, and physiological factors that trigger fatal arrhythmias. Recent studies have indicated an overall increase in sudden cardiac arrest during daytime hours when the frequency of arrhythmogenic triggers is highest. The risk of fatal arrhythmias arises from the interaction between these triggers-such as elevated sympathetic signaling, catecholamine levels, heart rate, afterload, and platelet aggregation-and the heart's susceptibility (myocardial substrate) to them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation and substitution analyses of dietary sugars, starch and fiber for indices of body fat and cardiometabolic risk- a NoHoW sub-study.
Eur J Nutr
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Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Purpose: To examine the associations and substitutions of dietary sugars [extrinsic (free) or intrinsic (non-free)] as well as dietary starch and fiber intakes for indices of body fat and cardiometabolic health.
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Improvement in XIa Selectivity of Snake Venom Peptide Analogue BF9-N17K Using P2' Amino Acid Replacements.
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Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
Coagulation factor XIa is a new serine-protease family drug target for next-generation anticoagulants. With the snake venom Kunitz-type peptide BF9 as the scaffold, we obtained a highly active XIa inhibitor BF9-N17K in our previous work, but it also inhibited the hemostatic target plasmin. Here, in order to enhance the selectivity of BF9-N17K toward XIa, four mutants, BF9-N17K-L19A, BF9-N17K-L19S, BF9-N17K-L19D, and BF9-N17K-L19K, were further designed using the P2' amino acid classification scanning strategy.
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