Lectinomics II. A highway to biomedical/clinical diagnostics.

The review assesses current status and attempts to forecast trends in the development of lectin biorecognition technology. The progressive trend is characterized scientometrically and reflects the current transient situation, when standard low-throughput lectin-based techniques are being replaced by a novel microarray-based techniques offering high-throughput of detection. The technology is still in its infancy (validation phase), but already shows promise as an efficient tool to decipher the enormous complexity of the glycocode that influences physiological status of the cell. Further enhancement in robustness and flexibility of lectin microarrays is predicted by using recombinant and artificial lectins that will render production of lectin microarrays cost-effective and more affordable. Mass spectrometry is expected to play an important role to characterize the binding profile of new lectins. Differences in glycan recognition by lectins and anti-carbohydrate antibodies are given on a molecular basis, and strong and weak points of both biorecognition molecules in diagnosis are briefly discussed.