Dlx transcription factors are implicated in patterning the mammalian jaw, based on their nested expression patterns in the first branchial arch (primordium for jaw) and mutant phenotypes; inactivation of Dlx1 and Dlx2 (Dlx1/2-/-) causes defects in the upper jaw, whereas Dlx5/6(-/-) results in homeotic transformation of the lower jaw into upper jaw. Therefore, the 'Dlx codes' appear to regionalize the jaw primordium such that Dlx1/2 regulate upper jaw development, while Dlx5/6 confer the lower jaw fate. Towards identifying the genetic pathways downstream of Dlx5/6, we compared the gene expression profiles of the wild-type and Dlx5/6(-/-) mouse mandibular arch (prospective lower jaw). We identified 20 previously unrecognized Dlx5/6-downstream genes, of which 12 were downregulated and 8 upregulated in the mutant. We found a Dlx-regulated transcriptional enhancer in close proximity to Gbx2, one of the Dlx5/6-downstream genes, strongly suggesting that Gbx2 is a direct target of Dlx5/6. We also showed that Pou3f3 is normally expressed in the maxillary (prospective upper jaw) but not mandibular arch, is upregulated in the mandibular arch of Dlx5/6(-/-), and is essential for formation of some of the maxillary arch-derived skeleton. A comparative analysis of the morphological and molecular phenotypes of various Dlx single and double mutants revealed that Dlx1, 2, 5 and 6 act both partially redundantly and antagonistically to direct differential expression of downstream genes in each domain of the first branchial arch. We propose a new model for Dlx-mediated mammalian jaw patterning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.019778 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
This study aimed to evaluate a new modified fixed appliance for rehabilitation of premature loss of anterior teeth in preschool children versus a modified Nance appliance on maxillary arch growth with parental satisfaction. The study was conducted as a clinical trial and it was carried out at Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Forty preschool children from both genders aged from 3-5 years were included in the study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) osteomyelitis of the maxilla is a rare condition in paediatric patients, with limited evidence available for optimal treatment protocols. We present the case of a paediatric patient in the early childhood age group with post-traumatic maxillary osteomyelitis caused by MRSA. The child developed facial swelling following trauma, and imaging revealed maxillary sinus wall thickening and bone erosions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
January 2025
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tishreen University. Electronic address:
Introduction And Importance: Restoring lost teeth in the posterior atrophic maxilla presents a significant challenge due to insufficient bone volume for implant placement. Simultaneous implant placement during lateral sinus lift is often considered, but the decision is typically based on the amount of existing bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of simultaneous implant placement and maxillary sinus floor augmentation in the atrophic posterior maxilla using autogenous bone ring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Dent
January 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Investigating the pattern of extension in the periapical (PA) inflammatory lesions is important in the treatment plan and prognosis of treatment. This study evaluated the topography of PA inflammatory lesions in the first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this descriptive study, 197 CBCT images about patients in the age group of 14-77 years were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dent
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Disease, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University; Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University. Electronic address:
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of the semi-active robotic system for implant placement in atrophic posterior maxilla.
Methods: Patients underwent robot-assisted implant placement in atrophic posterior maxilla were identified and included. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before surgery.
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