AI Article Synopsis
- The study explored how different concentrations of HMGB1 protein affect macrophage function.
- In vitro tests showed that HMGB1 enhances macrophage phagocytosis in a time- and dose-dependent way but does not change I-A/-E expression.
- In vivo, low doses of HMGB1 improved immune response while high doses decreased macrophage phagocytosis, indicating a balance is needed for optimal immune defense.
Article Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of extracellular high mobility group B1 protein (HMGB1) on the immunological function of macrophages.
Methods: Peritoneal macrophages from mice were stimulated by concentration gradient HMGB1 in vitro. Male BALB/c mice were divided randomly into control group (normal saline, i.p.), low or high dose group (treated with HMGB1 0.2 microg or 20 microg per mouse, respectively, i.p.). Phagocytosis of neutral red and I-A/-E expression of macrophages was assayed.
Results: (1) HMGB1 regulated the phagocytosis of macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but it did not regulate the expression of I-A/-E in vitro. Moreover, the phagocytosis of macrophages was significantly enhanced by stimulating of HMGB1 at a concentration of 10 microg/L as compared with other stimulating concentrations at culture-hour 6 and 12 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) The capacity for phagocytosis of macrophages was reduced from 43% to 67% when the mice were challenged with HMGB1 in vivo. However, as compared with animals in control group, neutral red phagocytosis of macrophages was depressed markedly in the animals inflicted with high dose HMGB1 for 24 hours (P<0.05). The I-A/-E expression of macrophages was up-regulated markedly in the animals inflicted with low dose HMGB1 for 48 hours as compared to animals treated with normal saline and high dose HMGB1(P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusion: High dose HMGB1 can depress the phagocytosis of macrophages, and low dose HMGB1 can enhance macrophage-mediated immunity. Moderate HMGB1 loading is beneficial to immune defense.
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