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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2496602PMC

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Introduction: Osseous hemorrhage following a surgical incision or traumatic fracture can be a challenging issue to manage. During orthopedic surgeries, bone wax is frequently utilized as a surgical technique to enhance hemostasis and reduce bleeding from bone. The hemostatic effect of bone wax mostly stems from its physical characteristics.

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Can bone wax cause cholesterol granuloma in the petrous apex? A case report.

Int J Surg Case Rep

June 2020

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is a rare entity but is the commonest lesion in the petrous apex. They are associated with chronic ear disease and previous temporal bone surgery. While bone wax has been known to cause foreign body reaction due to its non-resorbable property in the mastoid, it has not been documented to cause CG formation.

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Bone wax migrates to the orbit in a patient with a frontal sinus abnormality: a case report.

BMC Ophthalmol

January 2019

Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.

Background: Bone wax is the most widely used hemostatic bone sealant because of its availability, ease of use, immediate action, and minimal adverse effects. Several complications have been reported to be associated with the use of bone wax, such as infection, osteohypertrophy, pain, granuloma formation, allergic reaction, and thrombosis. Here, we present a rare complication, namely, bone wax migration, which developed after a craniotomy on a patient who had a frontal sinus abnormality.

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Background: Various synthetic materials are used in neurosurgery and left in place intentionally during surgery for several purposes such as hemostasis, dural closure, or cranioplasty. Although leaving such substances in surgical sites is considered safe, in general, foreign body granuloma may occur months or years after intracranial surgery. Thus, far relatively little is known about treatment and outcome of such lesions.

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Bone wax is a commonly used hemostatic agent with minimal complications. Some of the known complications include inflammation, granuloma formation, infection, and impaired osteogenesis. Several clinical reports of bone wax migration have also been reported.

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