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A core genome MLST scheme for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato improves insights into the evolutionary history of the species complex.
Cell Rep Methods
December 2024
German National Reference Centre for Borrelia, Oberschleissheim, Germany; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) based on eight genes has become the method of choice for Borrelia typing and is extensively used for population studies. Whole-genome sequencing enables studies to scale up to genomic levels but necessitates extended schemes. We have developed a 639-loci core genome MLST (cgMLST) scheme for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDual Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Wheat Germplasm Lines W4909 and W4910.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Forage & Range Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA.
Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth and development, reducing the yield of most crops, including wheat. The highly salt-tolerant wheat germplasm lines W4909 and W4910 were derived from a cross between two moderately salt-tolerant lines, the Chinese Spring (CS)/ disomic addition line AJDAj5 (AJ) and the Ph-inhibitor line (Ph-I) derived from CS/. Molecular markers for gene introgressions in W4909 and W4910 were not reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF-targeted, stable expression of ChR2 in human brain organoids for consistent optogenetic control.
Bioeng Transl Med
November 2024
School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea.
Self-organizing brain organoids provide a promising tool for studying human development and disease. Here we created human forebrain organoids with stable and homogeneous expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) by generating safe harbor locus-targeted, ChR2 knocked-in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), followed by the differentiation of these genetically engineered hPSCs into forebrain organoids. The resulting ChR2-expressing human forebrain organoids showed homogeneous cellular expression of ChR2 throughout entire regions without any structural and functional perturbations and displayed consistent and robust neural activation upon light stimulation, allowing for the non-virus mediated, spatiotemporal optogenetic control of neural activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors.
bioRxiv
October 2024
Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
The brainstem region, locus coeruleus (LC), has been remarkably conserved across vertebrates. Evolution has woven the LC into wide-ranging neural circuits that influence functions as broad as autonomic systems, the stress response, nociception, sleep, and high-level cognition among others. Given this conservation, there is a strong possibility that LC activity is inherently similar across species, and furthermore that age, sex, and brain state influence LC activity similarly across species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering immunoglobulin loci in multiple genome assemblies and enrichment of IMGT resources.
Front Immunol
October 2024
The International ImMunoGeneTics® Information System (IMGT®), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France.
Through the analysis of immunoglobulin genes at the IGH, IGK, and IGL loci from four genome assemblies, IMGT provides an in-depth overview of these loci and their individual variations in a species closely related to humans. The similarity between gorilla and human IG gene organization allowed the assignment of gorilla IG gene names based on their human counterparts. This study revealed significant findings, including variability in the IGH locus, the presence of known and new copy number variations (CNVs), and the accurate estimation of IGHG genes.
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