Animal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or by inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. It is unknown how much translational control is exerted by miRNAs on a genome-wide scale. We used a new proteomic approach to measure changes in synthesis of several thousand proteins in response to miRNA transfection or endogenous miRNA knockdown. In parallel, we quantified mRNA levels using microarrays. Here we show that a single miRNA can repress the production of hundreds of proteins, but that this repression is typically relatively mild. A number of known features of the miRNA-binding site such as the seed sequence also govern repression of human protein synthesis, and we report additional target sequence characteristics. We demonstrate that, in addition to downregulating mRNA levels, miRNAs also directly repress translation of hundreds of genes. Finally, our data suggest that a miRNA can, by direct or indirect effects, tune protein synthesis from thousands of genes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07228 | DOI Listing |
Curr Nutr Rep
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Purpose Of Review: This review aims to determine whether muscle mass and function can be effectively maintained without relying on animal-based protein sources. We evaluate the quality, digestibility, and essential amino acid profiles of plant-based proteins to understand their potential in preventing and managing sarcopenia.
Recent Finding: Recent studies indicate that while animal-based proteins have traditionally been considered the gold standard for supporting muscle protein synthesis, certain plant-based protein blends, fortified with leucine or other essential amino acids, can produce comparable anabolic responses.
Med Oncol
January 2025
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 092301, Ecuador.
Didemnins, a class of cyclic depsipeptides derived from marine organisms exhibit notable anticancer properties. Among them, Didemnin B has been extensively researched for its strong antitumor activity and progression to clinical trials. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been impeded by challenges like poor bioavailability and dose-limiting toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
Protein synthesis (translation) consumes a substantial proportion of cellular resources, prompting specialized mechanisms to reduce translation under adverse conditions. Ribosome inactivation often involves ribosome-interacting proteins. In both bacteria and eukaryotes, various ribosome-interacting proteins facilitate ribosome dimerization or hibernation, and/or prevent ribosomal subunits from associating, enabling the organisms to adapt to stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
Biomimetic calcification is a micro-crystallization process that mimics the natural biomineralization process, where biomacromolecules regulate the formation of inorganic minerals. In this study, it is presented that a protein-assisted biomimetic calcification method for the in situ synthesis of nitrogen-doped metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. A series of unique core-shell structures are created by utilizing proteins as templates and guiding agents in the nucleation step, creating ideal conditions for shell growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland.
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that begins immediately upon injury. Nutritional status significantly affects the course of regenerative processes. Malnutrition can prolong the inflammatory phase, limit collagen synthesis, and increase the risk of new wound formation.
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