The concentrations of SO2, NOx, O3 and PM2.5 were observed continuously at Shangdianzi atmospheric background monitoring station and Baolian urban environmental monitoring station from 2006-01-01 to 2006-12-31. The difference of seasonal variation and diurnal variation between rural and urban areas was analyzed. And the relationship between wind direction and pollutant concentration at background station was discussed. The results showed that. 1) The difference of NOx and SO2 concentrations between rural and urban was most prominent in winter. The concentrations in urban had 4-6 times more than that in rural. The variation trends of O3 were similar in urban and rural. PM2.5 was more than 100 microg/m3 in April and May in rural, which was 2-3 times more than annually average. 2) The diurnal variation of NOx and SO2 showed two peaks, one around 09:00 and the other around 22:00. That showed one peak around 22:00 in rural. The rural ozone daily peak was 2 h later than the urban. The diurnal variation of PM2.5 was not regular. 3) The pollutant concentrations seemed obviously high when southwest wind prevailed and brought the polluted air from urban. Contrarily, that was very low when northeast wind prevailed and brought the clean air.
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BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Health Systems Transformation Platform (HSTP), AISF Building, First Floor, Kalka Devi Marg, Lajpat Nagar IV, New Delhi, 110024, India.
Background: Multimorbidity is associated with significant out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. Despite this, there is limited research on the financial burden of multimorbidity in outpatient and inpatient care, and cross-state comparisons of CHE are underexplored.
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BMC Public Health
January 2025
Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran.
Background: Urbanization is expanding in Iran, leading to the emergence of three distinct socio-geographical areas: urban, rural, and suburban areas. These different areas may exhibit significant variations in dietary patterns. This study investigates the association between people's place of residence and their consumption of different food groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Geography, Binghamton University, New York, USA.
Background: The global burden of HIV and AIDS continues to significantly impact public health, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the spatial distribution and associated risk factors of HIV prevalence in Botswana using data from the 2021 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS V).
Methods: The analysis included 12,653 adults aged 15-64 years and employed chi-square tests, multilevel mixed-effects regression, and spatial analysis techniques.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Streptococcus pyogenes remains one of the top ten causes of mortality from infectious diseases. Children in low-income nations have high carrier rates of Streptococcus pyogenes, which can serve as a source of infections, including simple superficial infections that may lead to invasive and post-streptococcal diseases, particularly among schoolchildren. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among urban and rural public schoolchildren in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Rheumatol
January 2025
Cheryl Barnabe MD MSc, Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.
Objective: Greater accessibility to ambulatory services may mitigate emergency department (ED) presentations for lower acuity issues. This study examined ED utilization patterns for individuals with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a universal access healthcare setting.
Methods: Linked population-based administrative datasets in Alberta, Canada (fiscal years 2008-2017) were assessed for yearly ED visit frequency, timing, triage acuity, most responsible diagnoses, and disposition for persons with PsA and AS.
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