From the annual weed barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., two novel defensins Ec-AMP-D1 and Ec-AMP-D2 that differ by a single amino acid substitution were isolated by a combination of different chromatographic procedures. Both defensins were active against several phytopathogenic fungi and the oomycete Phytophthora infestans at micromolar concentrations. The Ec-AMP-D1 showed higher activity against the oomycete than Ec-AMP-D2. The comparison of the amino acid sequences of the antifungal E. crusgalli defensins with those of earlier characterized T. kiharae defensins [T.I. Odintsova, Ts.A. Egorov, A.Kh. Musolyamov, M.S. Odintsova, V.A. Pukhalsky, E.V. Grishin, Seed defensins from T. kiharae and related species: genome localization of defensin-encoding genes, Biochimie, 89 (2007) 605-612.] that were devoid of substantial antifungal activity point to the C-terminal region of the molecule as the main determinant of the antifungal activity of E. crusgalli defensins.
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