RGD-peptides can inhibit the binding of ligands to certain beta3 integrins, alphaIIbbeta3 and alphavbeta3, both of which are involved in neointimal hyperplasia that contributes to atherosclerosis and restenosis of arterial walls. Saxatilin, a disintegrin from a Korean snake (Gloydius saxatilis), interacts with integrins alphaIIbbeta3 and alphavbeta3. It suppressed the adhesion of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) to vitronectin with an IC(50) of 2.5 microM, and growth factor (PDGF-BB or bFGF)-induced proliferation was inhibited at an IC(50) of 25 microM. Saxatilin disassembled the actin cytoskeleton of focal adhesion and induced cell detachment. This disassembly of focal adhesion in saxatilin-treated HCASMCs involved caspase-induced paxillin degradation. Saxatilin temporally phosphorylated FAK and ERKs and affected the cell cycle of HCASMCs by increasing CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) and reducing cyclins (D1/2 and E). These results may have significant implications for integrin antagonistic therapy used for the treatment of atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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