The packing-type microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed using the granular graphite and the carbon felt as packing materials. The start-up time of the packing-type MFC was about 1 d, which was lower than that of the flat-type MFC. The maximal power density (Pm) of the MFC with carbon felt as packing material was 1502 mW/m2 (37.6 W/m3), which was higher than that with granular graphite as packing material. The carbon felt and carbon paper were sintered together to enhance the electric conductivity. Compared with the flat-type MFC, the area-specific resistance of the packing-type MFC decreased from 0.071 omega x m2 to 0.051 omega x m2, the maximal current density increased from 3000 mA to 8000 mA, the Pm increased from 1100 mW/m2 (27.5 W/m3) to 2426 mW/m2 (60.7 W/m3) and the potentials of anode decreased about 100 mV. The flow rate affected the power generation of the MFC. When the flow rate was lower than 1 mL/min, the Pm dropped with the flux decreasing. The packing-type MFC was operated for over 30 and the coulomb efficiency was about 10.6%.
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