Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13850, USA.
Published: January 2009
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The hindlimb unloading (HU) rodent model was developed to simulate some of the aspects of spaceflight conditions. Our previous studies showed that exposure to HU for 48 h (h) followed by bacterial challenge, reduces the ability of mice to resist infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in mice during the 48 h of exposure to HU to understand the mechanisms involved in the increased susceptibility to infection observed in mice subjected to these conditions. Female Swiss Webster mice were hindlimb-unloaded during 48 h. Blood samples, spleen and peritoneal cells were removed before and after 18 or 48 h of HU-exposure. Leukocyte subset analysis was performed in spleen and peritoneal cells by flow cytometry, and catecholamine levels were measured in plasma and whole spleen by a catecholamine enzyme immunoassay. Catecholamine levels measured in plasma and spleen were significantly greater in mice exposed to HU compared to control. This increase coincided with significant reductions in spleen size in the HU group. Flow cytometric analyses showed a significant reduction of splenic CD19 + B-cells and NK1.1+ cells in mice exposed to HU with a concomitant increase in T-cells. These results suggest that exposure to HU increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and induces lymphocyte sub-population changes that may contribute to the deregulation of immunity seen in mice exposed to HU and, more importantly may predispose the otherwise healthy host to the subsequent reduced ability to resist infections.
Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.
Background: Patients receiving chest radiation therapy, or exposed to high radiation levels due to accidental nuclear leakage are at risk of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). In innate immunity, macrophages not only exhibit certain radiation tolerance but also play an important regulatory role in the whole pathological process. Nervonic acid (NA), a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid found in nerve tissue, plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal tissue growth and repair.
Recent research indicates that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory properties in DKD. However, the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that can affect normal physiological processes. Although the health impacts of arsenic have been investigated, its influence on hepatic metabolism in obese pregnant women and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Multi-omics analysis, including metabolomics and proteomics, can improve the understanding of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in obese pregnant women.
This study investigated the impact of maternal high-fat diet on vascular function and endothelial homeostasis in offspring. We found that offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet exhibited elevated blood pressure, impaired abdominal aortic vascular function, and endothelial homeostasis imbalance. These changes were accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10).
Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo,14049-900, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:
Pain is a multifactorial debilitating condition associated with some psychiatric comorbidities such as generalized anxiety and depression. Concerning pharmacological treatment, which is often inefficient or associated with intense side effects, the physical and social context may be fundamental for patient's health improvement. In this sense, we sought to assess the impact of an enriched environment (EE) on neuropathic pain (NP) and depression comorbid.
