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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/454027d | DOI Listing |
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res
December 2024
Health Economics Unit, Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Background: Pharmaceutical expenditures (PE) are increasing worldwide, raising concerns about sustainability. However, the current price index provides an incomplete picture of this trend due to the rapid introduction of new drugs on the market.
Objective: The aim of this study is to decompose PE into their components and investigate the development in Sweden from 1990 to 2022.
Exp Physiol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Discov Ment Health
December 2024
Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Several validated image sets, such as NAPS, IAPS, GAPED, and OASIS, have been developed to elicit affective states. However, these image sets were primarily validated on Western populations within European and American contexts, and none have been fully validated in a Southeast Asian sample, where emotional restraint may also be valued similarly to the East Asian contexts. This study aimed to validate and provide norms for the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS; Marchewka et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Theory Comput
December 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
In molecular-dynamics simulations of fluids, the Einstein-Helfand (EH) and Green-Kubo (GK) relationships are frequently used to compute a variety of transport coefficients, including diffusion coefficients. These relationships are formally valid in the limit of infinite sampling time: The error in the estimate of a transport coefficient (relative to an infinitely long simulation) asymptotically approaches zero as more dynamics are simulated and recorded. In practice, of course, one can only simulate a finite number of particles for a finite amount of time.
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