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Neuroplasticity and Mechanisms of Action of Acute and Chronic Treatment with Antidepressants in Preclinical Studies.
Biomedicines
November 2024
Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico.
Pharmacotherapy for depression includes drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (NaSSAs), and atypical antidepressants; these drugs exert differentially beneficial effects on symptoms of depression after acute and chronic treatment in animal models. Said effects are established through neuroplastic mechanisms involving changes in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis as result of the activation of intracellular signaling pathways associated with neurochemical and behavioral changes. Antidepressants increase the synaptic availability of monoamines (monoaminergic hypothesis) such as 5-HT, NA, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by inhibiting their reuptake or degradation and activating intracellular signaling pathways such as the responsive element binding protein (cAMP-CREB) cascade, which regulates the expression of genes related to neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in various brain structures implicated in depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSunshine and Sadness: A Case Report on Summer Season Depression.
Cureus
December 2024
Psychiatry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND.
Article Synopsis
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) can occur in summer as well, leading to episodes of depression characterized by low mood, fatigue, and loss of appetite that improve in winter.
- A 46-year-old male patient was diagnosed with major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern, experiencing recurrent summertime depression symptoms.
- Treatment involved desvenlafaxine, achieving remission within four to six weeks, emphasizing the need to recognize seasonal affective disorders in warm climates and potential environmental triggers like heat stress.
Regulation of the microglial polarization for alleviating neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of major depressive disorder.
Life Sci
January 2025
Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China. Electronic address:
Major depressive disorder (MDD), as a multimodal neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illness with high prevalence and disability rates, has become a burden to world health and the economy that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Neuroinflammation, an atypical immune response occurring in the brain, is currently gaining more attention due to its association with MDD. Microglia, as immune sentinels, have a vital function in regulating neuroinflammatory reactions in the immune system of the central nervous system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBilingual side effect: a case of foreign language syndrome following chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Ann Gen Psychiatry
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
Background: Foreign language syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric phenomenon typically following general anesthesia. To date, foreign language syndrome has not been associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in the literature. This case aims to broaden the clinical understanding of NMS by presenting an atypical manifestation of foreign language syndrome and emphasizing the need for prompt recognition of such presentations for accurate diagnosis and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe RAB32 p.Ser71Arg Variant in Parkinsonisms: Insights from a Large Italian Cohort.
Mov Disord
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
Background And Objective: Recently, RAB32 has been identified as possibly linked to Parkinson's disease. We studied the prevalence and clinical correlates of the p.Ser71Arg variant in the RAB32 gene in a large case series of Italian patients with Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism.
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