If your patient has cancer, be prepared to help her manage such serious GI complications as bowel obstruction, peritonitis, fistula formation, and intestinal perforation.
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Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in solid tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors for personalized therapeutic strategies: a review.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, has yielded remarkable outcomes for some patients with solid cancers, but others do not respond to these treatments. Recent research has identified the gut microbiota as a key modulator of immune responses, suggesting that its composition is closely linked to responses to ICI therapy in cancer treatment. As a result, the gut microbiome is gaining attention as a potential biomarker for predicting individual responses to ICI therapy and as a target for enhancing treatment efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors associated with physical activity in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer during outpatient chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study.
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs
November 2024
Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Objective: This study aimed to clarify the physical activity level of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer during outpatient chemotherapy and the factors associated with decreased physical activity levels after drug administration.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, activity intensity and steps were measured using an accelerometer in 39 patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer for 1 week before and after drug administration. Furthermore, the participants responded to a questionnaire on their lifestyles.
Intra-mesenteric steroids for steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease in pediatric patients: A safe option.
Biomedica
December 2024
Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Departamento Materno-Infantil, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
Introduction: Graft-versus-host disease is a serious complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is a major cause of death post-transplantation. Approximately 50% of acute graft-versus-host disease patients do not respond to systemic steroids and their prognosis is poor regardless of the treatment. This study describes our experience with pediatric patients diagnosed with steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease who received intra-mesenteric steroid treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of HLA genotype on disease onset and severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Introduction: Human Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency caused by heterozygous germline mutations in is a complex immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with reduced penetrance and variable disease expressivity, suggesting the presence of disease modifiers that trigger the disease onset and severity. Various genetic and non-genetic potential triggers have been analyzed in CTLA-4 insufficiency cohorts, however, none of them have revealed a clear association to the disease. Multiple HLA haplotypes have been positively or negatively associated with various autoimmune diseases and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) due to the relevance of MHC in the strength of the T cell responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelation and diagnostic significance of CD4 T cell subsets and NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: the role of the NLRP3/T-bet/GATA3 axis.
BMC Gastroenterol
January 2025
The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Background And Aim: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by complex immunological interactions involving CD4 T cell subsets and the NLRP3 inflammasome, which influence inflammatory responses. This investigation focused on delineating the activation profiles of these components and their correlation with disease severity and activity, assessing their diagnostic implications in UC.
Methods: We conducted immunohistochemistry and ELISA assays to measure markers expression of CD4 T cell subsets and the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC patients versus controls.
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