Photoinduced dissociation of water and transport of hydrogen between silver clusters.

Theoretical electronic structure calculations are reported for the dissociation of water adsorbed on a 31-atom silver cluster, Ag31, and subsequent transfer of a H to a second Ag31 cluster leaving OH on the first cluster. Both ground and excited electronic state processes are considered for two choices of Ag cluster separation, 6.35 and 7.94 A, on the basis of preliminary calculations for a range of separation distances. The excited electronic state of interest is formed by photoemission of an electron from one Ag cluster and transient attachment of the photoemitted electron to the adsorbed water molecule. A very large energy barrier is found for the ground-state process (3.53 eV at a cluster separation of 6.35 A), while the barrier in the excited state is small (0.38 eV at a cluster separation of 6.35 A). In the excited state, partial occupancy of an OH antibonding orbital facilitates OH stretch and concomitant movement of the negatively charged OH toward the electron-hole in the metal cluster. The excited-state pathway for dissociation of water and transfer of H begins with the formation of an excited electronic state at 3.59-3.82 eV. Stretch of the OH bond occurs with little change in energy (0.38-0.54 eV up to a stretch of 1.96 A). In this region of OH stretch the molecule must return to the ground-state potential energy surface to fully dissociate and to transfer H to the other Ag cluster. Geometry optimizations are carried out using a simplex algorithm and a semigrid method. These methods allow the total energy to be calculated directly using configuration interaction theory.