Since Cronbach proposed the alpha coefficient in 1951, researchers have contributed to the derivation of its sampling distribution and the testing of related statistical hypotheses. Yet, there has been no research on effect size index relevant to coefficient alpha to our knowledge. Considering the importance of effect size in understanding quantitative research findings, we therefore developed an effect size index Delta for the comparison of two independent alphas with equal test length based on the asymptotic distribution of (1/2)ln(1 - alphahat) under the assumptions of normality and compound symmetry. Simulations indicated that the index was applicable when the sample size was at least 100. The robustness of the derived index when the required assumptions were violated was also explored. It is suggested that the index should be applicable in most cases of unequal test lengths and could be extended to non-normally distributed component scores. Moreover, a small simulation was conducted to explore the behaviour of Delta with correlated errors, a frequently studied situation violating the assumption of compound symmetry. The proposed index was found to be robust unless a large number of highly correlated errors were present in the data.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000711008X315518 | DOI Listing |
Inorg Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
The performance of energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) is influenced by their components and structure. Modifying the chemical structure of the ligands can balance the detonation performance and sensitivity. This study introduced Cu(3-PZCA)(ClO) () and Cu(2-IZCA)(ClO) (), using 3-PZCA and 2-IZCA as ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Previous studies on natural samples of pampaloite (AuSbTe) revealed the crystal structure of a potentially cleavable and/or exfoliable material, while studies on natural and synthetic montbrayite (Sb-containing AuTe) claimed various chemical compositions for this low-symmetry compound. Few investigations of synthetic samples have been reported for both materials, leaving much of their chemical, thermal, and electronic characteristics unknown. Here, we investigate the stability, electronic properties, and synthesis of the gold antimony tellurides AuSbTe and AuSbTe (montbrayite).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
Three new hexagonal perovskites with CsMMRhCl (M = Na, Ag; M = Mn, Fe) stoichiometry have been synthesized from solution precipitation reactions. These air-stable compounds crystallize as triply cation-ordered variants of the 6H perovskite structure. This structure contains octahedra that share a common face to form MRhCl dimers that are arranged on a two-dimensional triangular network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol
January 2025
Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia.
Recently (Photochem Photobiol. 2023;100:1277-1289. doi:10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States.
Electrides are ionic crystals, with electrons acting as anions occupying well-defined lattice sites. These exotic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years for potential applications in catalysis, rechargeable batteries, and display technology. Among this class of materials, electride semiconductors can further expand the horizon of potential applications due to the presence of a band gap.
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