Spontaneous gestures that accompany speech are related to both verbal and spatial processes. We argue that gestures emerge from perceptual and motor simulations that underlie embodied language and mental imagery. We first review current thinking about embodied cognition, embodied language, and embodied mental imagery. We then provide evidence that gestures stem from spatial representations and mental images. We then propose the gestures-as-simulated-action framework to explain how gestures might arise from an embodied cognitive system. Finally, we compare this framework with other current models of gesture production, and we briefly outline predictions that derive from the framework.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.15.3.495 | DOI Listing |
Front Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) holds significant promise for psychiatric research, treatment, and assessment. Its unique ability to elicit immersion and presence is important for effective interventions. Immersion and presence are influenced by matching-the alignment between provided sensory information and user feedback, and self-presentation-the depiction of a user's virtual body or limbs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCognition
January 2025
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:
The 'different-body/different-concepts hypothesis' central to some embodiment theories proposes that the sensory capacities of our bodies shape the cognitive and neural basis of our concepts. We tested this hypothesis by comparing behavioral semantic similarity judgments and neural signatures (fMRI) of 'visual' categories ('living things,' or animals, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Lang
January 2025
Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
The embodied approach to language meaning suggests that negation with action verbs decreases activation of the negated concept, reflected in reduced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This study aims to explore how action negation influences inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms within the primary motor cortex (M1) using paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS). We evaluated corticospinal excitability (CSE), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), indexing GABAA activity, and intracortical facilitation (ICF), related to glutamatergic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
January 2025
Department of Apparel and Space Design, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan.
Ever since de Saussure [Course in General Lingustics (Columbia University Press, 1916)], theorists of language have assumed that the relation between form and meaning of words is arbitrary. However, recently, a body of empirical research has established that language is embodied and contains iconicity. Sound symbolism, an intrinsic link language users perceive between word sound and properties of referents, is a representative example of iconicity in language and has offered profound insights into theories of language pertaining to language processing, language acquisition, and evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
December 2024
Centre of Excellence in Ancient Near Eastern Empires (ANEE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Emotions are associated with subjective emotion-specific bodily sensations. Here, we utilized this relationship and computational linguistic methods to map a representation of emotions in ancient texts. We analyzed Neo-Assyrian texts from 934-612 BCE to discern consistent relationships between linguistic expressions related to both emotions and bodily sensations.
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