The role of TSP-1 in tumour growth and angiogenesis remains controversial, with both stimulatory and inhibitory roles proposed. The effects of TSP-1 on the migration of endothelial cells, fibroblast and oral tumour cell lines were examined using the transmembrane assay. TSP-1 induced a bi-phasic effect on human and bovine endothelial cells: stimulation at low concentrations (0.1-10 microg/ml) and inhibition at high concentrations (25-100 microg/ml). FGF-2-stimulated endothelial cell migration was either further stimulated or inhibited by TSP-1, following the same bi-phasic dose response as in the absence of FGF-2. In contrast, TSP-1 stimulated the migration of human fibroblast and oral tumour cells in a dose dependent manner; a plateau was reached with 5-25 microg/ml and no inhibitory effect was observed. These effects were partly neutralised by antibodies to alphavbeta3 integrin. TGF-beta1 (0.1-200 ng/ml tested) mimicked the effects of TSP-1 on cell migration. Function-neutralising antibodies to TGF-beta1 completely abolished both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of TSP-1 on endothelial migration, but had no effect on TSP-1-stimulated migration of fibroblast and oral tumour cells. The effects of TGF-beta1 were not affected by antibodies to TSP-1. These results indicate that the effects of TSP-1 on endothelial cell migration are mediated by TGF-beta1, whereas the effects on fibroblast and tumour cell migration are TGF-beta1-independent.
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