Conducting studies using an undergraduate participant pool is fraught with difficulties. Among them are problems with adequately motivating subjects both to come to the study, and once there, to actively engage the experimental task. Thirty-one college students participated in a matching-to-sample (MTS) study involving substantial training, testing, retraining, and retesting of conditional discriminations and equivalence relations among four 4-member classes of nonsensical words. The study was conducted during the end of the semester, when performance often had been observed to be poorer than at other points in the semester. Eleven of the participants, in addition to standard instructions about the task, received additional instructions specifying molar consequences for high rates of "correct" responses throughout the procedure. This subset of participants displayed markedly improved performance as compared to those who did not receive the additional instructions. Results suggest that specification of molar contingencies improves participants' sensitivity to molecular contingencies within the study. Instructions that specify and increase the consequential functions of feedback provided during MTS trials may be one means of reducing unwanted variability in human MTS performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2008-89-333 | DOI Listing |
BMC Nurs
January 2025
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Po. Box: 3286, Kigali, Rwanda.
Background: Pressure injuries are costly and can lead to mortality and psychosocial consequences if not managed effectively. Proper management of pressure injuries is crucial for quality nursing care. However, there is limited research on nurses' knowledge and practices in preventing and managing pressure injuries among critically ill patients in Rwanda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Human Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Background: A significant gap exists in understanding the effectiveness of intra-class (same-class) level peer mentorship programmes designed to enhance academic performance, well-being, and student involvement among underperforming medical students. This study assessed the effectiveness of intra-class (same-class) peer mentorship programme on the academic performances, subjective well-being and school engagement of academically underperforming medical students in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research consisting of the pretest-posttest control design at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
One Health Outlook
January 2025
Medical Virology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University and Primary Health Care Board, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Background: Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNurse Educ Today
January 2025
Lecturer in Nursing Education, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, 57 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8WA. Electronic address:
Background/problems: Individuals with comorbid physical and mental health conditions face significant threats to their well-being while placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems through increased service costs. Nursing professionals encounter multiple challenges in delivering effective care to this population. These challenges include a lack of integrated care models, communication barriers among providers, the complexity of addressing dual health needs, insufficient training in comorbidity management, resource and time constraints, and pervasive stigma toward mental illness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Rheum Dis
January 2025
Department of Rheumatology, Université Paris Cité UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
Objectives: To update the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), incorporating new evidence and therapies.
Methods: An international task force was convened in line with EULAR standard operating procedures. A nominal group technique exercise was performed in two rounds to define questions underpinning a subsequent systematic literature review.
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