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Human tetraspanin CD81 facilitates invasion of into human epithelial cells.
Virulence
December 2024
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
Human CD81 and CD9 are members of the tetraspanin family of proteins characterized by a canonical structure of four transmembrane domains and two extracellular loop domains. Tetraspanins are known as molecular facilitators, which assemble and organize cell surface receptors and partner molecules forming clusters known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. They have been implicated to play various biological roles including an involvement in infections with microbial pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew insights into the role of tetraspanin 6, 7, and 8 in physiology and pathology.
Cancer Med
July 2024
Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Background: The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family comprises 33 membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes in humans. Tetrasapanins are surface proteins expressed in cells of various organisms. They are localised to the cell membrane by four transmembrane domains (TM4SF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of CD9 Sensing, AI, and Exosomes in Cellular Communication of Cancer.
Int J Stem Cell Res Ther
May 2023
Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by various types of cells, including cancer cells, and play a role in intercellular communication. CD9 is a protein that is involved in cell signaling and adhesion. It is found on the surface of various cells, including cancer cells, and has been implicated in the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLive-Imaging Detection of Multivesicular Body-Plasma Membrane Fusion and Exosome Release in Cultured Primary Neurons.
Methods Mol Biol
June 2023
Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry; and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Laboratories for Molecular Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.
Exosomes represent a class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the endocytic pathway that is important for cell-cell communication and implicated in the spread of pathogenic protein aggregates associated with neurological diseases. Exosomes are released extracellularly when multivesicular bodies (also known as late endosomes) fuse with the plasma membrane (PM). An important breakthrough in exosome research is the ability to capture MVB-PM fusion and exosome release simultaneously in individual cells using live-imaging microscopy techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSequential genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify genes regulating cell-surface expression of tetraspanins.
Cell Rep
February 2023
Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address:
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of membrane proteins, mediate diverse biological processes through tetraspanin-enriched microdomains in the plasma membrane. However, how their cell-surface presentation is controlled remains unclear. To identify the regulators of tetraspanin trafficking, we conduct sequential genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 screens based on cell-surface expression of a tetraspanin member, TSPAN8.
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