AI Article Synopsis
- Understanding RNA folding and unfolding is crucial due to its various functions, and single-molecule experiments have helped uncover key details about this process.
- These experiments explore important questions, such as the energy needed to unfold RNA structures, the speed of unfolding, and how different proteins like helicases and RNA polymerases interact with RNA.
- Techniques like optical tweezers and fluorescence methods are utilized to monitor and measure the dynamics of RNA, enhancing our understanding of its behavior.
Article Abstract
Understanding how RNA folds and what causes it to unfold has become more important as knowledge of the diverse functions of RNA has increased. Here we review the contributions of single-molecule experiments to providing answers to questions such as: How much energy is required to unfold a secondary or tertiary structure? How fast is the process? How do helicases unwind double helices? Are the unwinding activities of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and of ribosomes different from other helicases? We discuss the use of optical tweezers to monitor the unfolding activities of helicases, polymerases, and ribosomes, and to apply force to unfold RNAs directly. We also review the applications of fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer to measure RNA dynamics.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061206.174353 | DOI Listing |
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