[Spontaneous rupture of an aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula of the kidney causing massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage: a case report].

Angiography depicted the arteriovenous fistula at the peripheral cortex of the kidney, which was treated superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Bleeding was controlled and did not recur. The contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan performed on the 27th day after the procedure revealed a parenchymal perfusion deficit of 3% and the return of serum creatinine concentration to pre-injury levels. We considered the selective coil embolization as the best treatment for the aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula located in the renal cortex to keep ischemic damage at a minimum and preserve renal function. To our knowledge, this is the 4th report of a spontaneous rupture in the retroperitoneum of an aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula.