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Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning to predict treatment response after six months in major depressive disorder.
Transl Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Article Synopsis
- Depression treatment effectiveness differs greatly among individuals, highlighting the need for objective biomarkers that can accurately predict therapy outcomes to improve treatment efficiency.
- This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with clinical assessments to explore whether machine learning techniques could forecast treatment responses in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
- Findings revealed that changes in total hemoglobin levels in a specific brain region (dlPFC) correlated significantly with treatment response, and the fNIRS-only model demonstrated better predictive accuracy compared to a model that also included clinical data.
Gustatory cortex neurons perform reliability-dependent integration of multisensory flavor inputs.
Curr Biol
January 2025
Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Electronic address:
Flavor is the quintessential multisensory experience, combining gustatory, retronasal olfactory, and texture qualities to inform food perception and consumption behavior. However, the computations that govern multisensory integration of flavor components and their underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we use rats as a model system to test the hypothesis that taste and smell components of flavor are integrated in a reliability-dependent manner to inform hedonic judgments and that this computation is performed by neurons in the primary taste cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptical Methods for Determining the Phagocytic Activity Profile of CD206-Positive Macrophages Extracted from Bronchoalveolar Lavage by Specific Mannosylated Polymeric Ligands.
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Macrophage (Mph) polarization and functional activity play an important role in the development of inflammatory lung conditions. The previously widely used bimodal classification of Mph into M1 and M2 does not adequately reflect the full range of changes in polarization and functional diversity observed in Mph in response to various stimuli and disease states. Here, we have developed a model for the direct assessment of Mph from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) functional alterations, in terms of phagocytosis activity, depending on external stimuli, such as exposure to a range of bacteria (, and ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoreal forests are heading for an open state.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
The boreal forest biome is warming four times faster than the global average. Changes so far are moderate, but time lags in responses may transiently maintain forest states which are no longer supported by current environmental conditions. Here, we explore whether tree cover dynamics hint at the state to which the biome may be shifting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotodynamic therapy as a strategic ally in radiotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: the importance of treatment order.
Breast Cancer Res Treat
January 2025
Center for Lasers and Applications, Energy and Nuclear Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, Brazil.
Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20% of all breast cancer cases and is notably resistant to radiotherapy (RT). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porphyrins or their derivatives has shown promise as a potential cancer treatment and immune activator. This study evaluated the effects of combining PDT and RT in sublethal conditions for TNBC using in vitro and in vivo models.
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