The aim of this study was to evaluate the Campbell test and discover if there is a link between a puppy's scores and factors such as age, breed, sex, sex-breed interaction, size, Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) groups, and coat color. The Campbell test was performed on 342 puppies (191 males and 151 females) of different breeds. The results show that the criteria used by Campbell to classify puppies are incomplete, and that it is more appropriate to use numerical values for each type of answer. In general, the mean value obtained, regardless of sex and breed, corresponded to the Campbell's submissive stable category. The mean value was higher in male dogs than in females.
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Eval Rev
January 2025
Global Development Network, Lanzhou University and Director of Evaluation, New Delhi, India.
Official development agencies are increasingly supporting civil society lobby and advocacy (L&A) to address poverty and human rights. However, there are challenges in evaluating L&A. As programme objectives are often to change policies or practices in a single institution like a Government Ministry, L&A programmes are often not amenable to large-n impact evaluation methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Health Med
January 2025
Erzurum City Hospital, Clinic of Psychiatry, Erzurum, Türkiye.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing care interventions applied at night on the sleep quality and sleep effort of intensive care patients. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The sample size consists of 82 intensive care patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Virol
January 2025
Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Plasma cell-free Human Papillomavirus DNA (cfHPVDNA) is a biomarker for oropharyngeal carcinoma. Existing diagnostics may be limited by inadequate sensitivity or high cost/complexity for longitudinal monitoring.
Objectives: We hypothesized that sensitive and specific plasma cfHPVDNA detection may be achieved via a highly-multiplex qPCR method.
Drug Alcohol Depend
December 2024
School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Background: The potential risks of prenatal cannabis use may vary depending on how cannabis is administered, but little is known about modes of prenatal cannabis use. This study characterized prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of modes of prenatal cannabis use in California.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with pregnancies between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 in a large healthcare system (3507 pregnancies [3454 individuals]) who self-reported prenatal cannabis use and mode of use (smoke, vape, edibles, dabs, and topicals) during universal screening at entrance to prenatal care.
J Hypertens
January 2025
Centre for Public Health & Policy, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the association of formula-estimated sodium intake from spot urine with cardiovascular disease is independent of spot urinary sodium concentration.
Methods: We included 435 336 participants in the UK Biobank whose sodium intake was estimated from spot urine using INTERSALT, Kawasaki, and Tanaka formulas. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and deaths were estimated using Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for multiple covariates.
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