Pneumonectomy after chemotherapy: morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome.

Background: Results of pneumonectomy after chemotherapy are controversial, and the procedure is often considered as potentially dangerous.

Methods: Records of patients who underwent pneumonectomy after chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in a single institution in a 6-year period were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: One hundred eighteen patients had pneumonectomy after chemotherapy. Indications for preoperative chemotherapy were N2 disease, 74; potentially resectable T4 disease, 17; doubtful resectability, 18; stage IV disease (nodule on another ipsilateral lobe), 4; and participation in a randomized trial on induction chemotherapy in initial stages, 5. Chemotherapy protocols were platinum-based. Imaging reevaluation showed complete, partial, minor response, and disease stability in 0, 24, 39, and 55 patients, respectively. Operative mortality was 5.9% (7 of 118), consisting of 4 of 54 after pneumonectomy, and 3 of 64 after left pneumonectomy. Bronchopleural fistula caused one death. No factor among those evaluated (sex, age, comorbidities, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, symptoms, side and location of tumor; indication for operation, number of cycles, and response to chemotherapy; extent of resection, TNM status, pathologic stage) predicted postoperative death. Median and overall 5-year survival was 22 months and 23.7%, respectively. At univariate analysis, pathologic stage, T status, and the occurrence of postoperative complications influenced 5-year survival. At multivariate analysis, T status (p = 0.0054), the occurrence of postoperative complications (p = 0.0015), and clinical response to induction chemotherapy (p = 0.028) were identified as independent predictors of 5-year survival.

Conclusions: Pneumonectomy after chemotherapy has acceptable mortality. Long-term results are encouraging.